The present case study analyses infrastructure development in the Peruvian Amazon and its connection to deforestation, human security, and the rule of law. The case study draws from a wide range of literature as well as expert interviews conducted during March 2020. Overall, 15 organizations from Lima and Puerto Maldonado were consulted. The case study informs a larger CSIS report on Sustainable Infrastructure Development in the Amazon. The aim of the case study is to offer a more comprehensive view of deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon and to explore whether environmental degradation is an indicator for broader vulnerabilities in human security and the rule of law. Finally, the case study examines the role infrastructure plays in exacerbating or alleviating these vulnerabilities.

Deforestation is not just an environmental issue, it is also emblematic of broader vulnerabilities in Peru’s rule of law, security, and governance. Introducing infrastructure development into this already complex picture can increase the risks associated with those vulnerabilities. This study hopes to change the discourse on the Amazon’s future by presenting constructive and action-oriented ideas to further a vision of the Peruvian Amazon that is economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable.